Executive Summaries

Canadian multiculturalism promotes inclusion for individuals of all diversities. However, the reality shows this is not always the case.

Indonesia successfully transitioned from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one in 1998 but still struggles to redress inequalities.

Ghana houses a mixture of legal commitments to pluralism but structural inequalities hamper its progress.

Although the civil war has ended, majoritarianism and an imposed ‘victor’s peace’ stymie efforts for stronger pluralistic policies.

Efforts to implement integrationist policies in Malaysia have resulted in their assimilation, creating new sources of exclusion for non-Malays.