Sri Lanka: References

References

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Ali, Ameer. “A Covid Lesson to Muslims.” Colombo Telegraph, March 10, 2022. https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/a-covid-lesson-to-muslims/.

———. “Tamil-Muslim Relations in the Eastern Province.” Colombo Telegraph, March 20, 2018. https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/tamil-muslim-relations-in-the-eastern-province/.

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The Associated Press. “11 Killed in Truck Bombing at Sri Lanka Buddhist Site.” New York Times, January 26, 1998. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/26/world/11-killed-in-truck-bombing-at-sri-lanka-buddhist-site.html

Bandaranaike, Anila Dias. “Budget 2021: Playing Ostrich or Parading in the Emperor’s New Clothes?” Daily FT, January 19, 2021.  http://www.ft.lk/columns/Budget-2021-Playing-ostrich-or-parading-in-the-Emperor-s-new-clothes/4-711788.

Banerji, Annie. “Sri Lankan Center Condemns Ban on Female Circumcision as ‘Affront.’” Reuters, July 11, 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-women-fgm/sri-lankan-islamic-center-condemns-ban-on-female-circumcision-as-affront-idUSKBN1K12OZ.

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———. Values and Attitudes Survey on 70 Years of Independence in Sri Lanka. February 4, 2019. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://www.cpalanka.org/values-and-attitudes-survey-on-70-years-of-independence-in-sri-lanka/.

Chandrakala, Vetrichelvi. “Sri Lankan Refugees Blame Bureaucracy for Unemployment.” Global Press Journal, February 23, 2020. https://globalpressjournal.com/asia/sri_lanka/sri-lanka-returned-refugees-cant-find-employment-blame-bureaucracy-language-barriers/.

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Cushing, Tim. “Notoriously Corrupt Sri Lanka Police Force Arrests Citizens for Pretending to Bribe a Cardboard Cutout Cop.” TechDirt, January 9, 2019. https://www.techdirt.com/2019/01/09/notoriously-corrupt-sri-lanka-police-force-arrests-citizens-pretending-to-bribe-cardboard-cutout-cop/.

Daily FT. “President Vows to Finish Term, Tells Bloomberg Will Not Run for Re-Election.” June 7, 2022. https://www.ft.lk/front-page/President-vows-to-finish-term-tells-Bloomberg-will-not-run-for-re-election/44-735842.

Daily Mirror. “SL’s Average Household Income Makes Shocking Revelation About Poverty Level.” June 13, 2022.https://www.dailymirror.lk/business-news/SLs-average-household-income-makes-shocking-revelation-about-poverty-level/273-238959.

Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka. “Census of Population and Housing 2012.” Colombo: Department of Census and Statistics, 2011. http://statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=Key_E&gp=Activities&tpl=3.

———. Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka 2012: Key Findings. Colombo: Department of Census and Statistics, 2014. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/District/Kurunegala/A8.pdf.

———. Public Employment: Table 3.6 – Distribution of Employees by Sector of Employment, Ethnicity and Sex 2016, n.d., accessed August 24, 2022. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PublicEmployment/StaticalInformation/Statistical_Tables/Distribution_of_employees_by_sector_of_employment_ethnicity_and_sex_2016.

Deshapriya, Sunanda. “National Mainstream Media and Regional Medias ‘Contesting Hegemonies’ – Trilateral (Linguistic) Media in Sri Lanka.” Paper presented at SAFHR Regional Workshop. “Sensitizing Media Covering Internal and Inter-State Conflicts.” November 29–December 1, 2002. Chennai, India. https://www.cpalanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/8/Hegemony_and_Media_in_Sri_Lanka.pdf.

De Silva, K. M. A History of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2003.

Deutsche Welle. “Sri Lanka to Ban Burqas Over ‘National Security’ Concerns.” March 13, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/sri-lanka-to-ban-burqas-over-national-security-concerns/a-56865781.

DeVotta, Neil. Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay, and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

———. “Buddhist Majoritarianism and Ethnocracy in Sri Lanka.” Sociological Bulletin 70:4 (2021): 453–66.

———. “The Genesis, Consolidation, and Consequences of Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalism.” In When Politics Are Sacralized: Comparative Perspectives on Religious Claims and Nationalism, ed. by Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, 187­–212. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

———. “Politics and Governance in Post-Independence Sri Lanka.” In Routledge Handbook of South Asian Politics: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, ed. by Paul R. Brass, pg 118-130. New York: Routledge, 2010.

———. “Religious Intolerance in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka.” Asian Affairs 49:2 (2018): 278–300.

———. “Sri Lanka: Ethnic Domination, Violence, and Illiberal Democracy.” In Civil Society and Political Change in Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space, ed. by Muthiah Alagappa, 292–323. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

———. “Sri Lanka’s Ongoing Shift to Authoritarianism.” Asia Pacific Bulletin No. 201 (2013). https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/apb201_0.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=33932.

———. “Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act: An Anti-Minority Cudgel.” Asian Democracy Research Network Issue Briefing, June 14, 2021. http://adrnresearch.org/publications/list.php?cid=1&sp=%26sp%5B%5D%3D1%26sp%5B%5D%3D2%26sp%5B%5D%3D3&pn=1&sn=s1&st&acode&code=001001&at=view&idx=166&ckattempt=1.

Dias, Priyan. “Of Patriots and Traitors.” Groundviews, September 13, 2018. https://groundviews.org/2018/09/13/of-patriots-and-traitors/.

Dibbert, Taylor. “Sri Lanka: On Politics, Reform and International Engagement.” Huffington Post, May 14, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sri-lanka-on-politics-reform-and-international-engagement_b_591878fbe4b00ccaae9ea40e.

Dissanayake, Methmalie. “Dilemma in Online Education Exposes Sri Lanka’s Social Inequality.” ULearn, June 20, 2021. https://www.ulearn.life/Dilemma-in-Online-Education-Exposes-Sri-Lankas-Social-Inequality.php

Dodds, Paisley. “Dozens of men say Sri Lankan forces raped and tortured them.” AP News, November 8, 2017, https://apnews.com/article/europe-immigration-migration-race-and-ethnicity-only-on-ap-ced017bd441f46ba838aaedf6ff5dbe2

Doyle, David. “Sri Lanka: Grim Up North for the Tamil Community.” 4 News, November 15, 2013. https://www.channel4.com/news/sri-lanka-tamil-north-vanni-human-rights-chogm-rajapaksa.

East-West Center. “Sri Lanka Media Minister Decries Profit-Driven Nationalistic Coverage in South Asia.” Huffington Post, January 19, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sri-lanka-media-minister_b_14270406.

The Economist. “A Subset of Tamils Lags Other Sri Lankans by Almost Every Measure.” September 30, 2017. https://www.economist.com/asia/2017/09/30/a-subset-of-tamils-lags-other-sri-lankans-by-almost-every-measure

EconomyNext. “Sri Lanka Cardinal Puts Rajapaksa in the Dock Over Easter Attacks.” April 21, 2022.

https://economynext.com/sri-lanka-cardinal-puts-rajapaksa-in-the-dock-over-easter-attacks-93281/.

Education Policy and Data Center (EPDC). “Sri Lanka: National Education Profile 2018 Update.” 2018.  https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/EPDC_NEP_2018_SriLanka.pdf.

European Parliament. Motion for a Resolution on The Situation in Sri Lanka, in particular the Arrests Under the Prevention of Terrorism Act. 2021/2748 (RSP). June 8, 2021. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-9-2021-0361_EN.html.

Ferdinando, Shamindra. “Only Traitors Won’t Accept Urgent Economic Reform Agenda Acceptable to IMF.” The Island Online, June 1, 2022. https://island.lk/only-traitors-wont-accept-urgent-economic-reform-agenda-acceptable-to-imf/.

Freedom From Torture. “Sri Lanka’s Withdrawal From UN Human Rights Council Resolution: What It Means for Survivors.” February 26, 2020. https://www.freedomfromtorture.org/news/sri-lankas-withdrawal-from-un-human-rights-council-resolution-what-it-means-for-survivors#:~:text=The%20Sri%20Lankan%20government%20has,reconciliation%2C%20accountability%20and%20human%20rights.

Global Centre for Pluralism. Pluralism Perceptions Survey – Sri Lanka. Ottawa: Global Centre for Pluralism, 2021.

Handunnetti, Dilrukshi. “‘A Curse’: Three Years Since Easter Sunday Bombings in Sri Lanka.” Al Jazeera, April 21, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/21/a-curse-three-years-since-easter-sunday-bombings-in-sri-lanka.

Haniffa, Farzana. “Merit Economies in Neoliberal Times: Halal Troubles in Contemporary Sri Lanka.” In Religion and the Morality of the Market, ed. by Daromir Rudnyckyj and Filippo Osella, 116–37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Herath, K.O.G.H.M.A.L. “CEDAW Implementation in Sri Lanka.” March 7, 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/AyeshaHerath1/cedaw-implementation-in-sri-lanka.

Hewamanne, Sandya. “Invisible Bondage: Mobility and Compulsion Within Sri Lanka’s Global Assembly Line Production.” Ethnography (2021): 1–21.

———. Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka: Gender, Neoliberalism, and the Politics of Contentment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020.

The Hindu. “Sri Lankan Cabinet Defers 21st Amendment to the Constitution by a Week.” June 7, 2022. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/sri-lankan-cabinet-defers-21st-amendment-to-the-constitution-by-a-week/article65502909.ece.

Hodal, Kate. “Buddhist Monk Uses Racism and Rumours to Spread Hatred in Burma.” The Guardian, April 18, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/18/buddhist-monk-spreads-hatred-burma.

Holt, John Clifford, ed. Buddhist Extremists and Muslim Minorities: Religious Conflict in Contemporary Sri Lanka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Human Rights Watch. “‘In a Legal Black Hole’: Sri Lanka’s Failure to Reform the Prevention of Terrorism Act.” February 7, 2022. https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/02/07/legal-black-hole/sri-lankas-failure-reform-prevention-terrorism-act.

———. “Sri Lanka: Security Agencies Shutting Down Civic Space.” March 3, 2020. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/03/sri-lanka-security-agencies-shutting-down-civic-space.

———. “‘We Will Teach You a Lesson’: Sexual Violence Against Tamils by Sri Lankan Security Forces.” February 26, 2013. https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson/sexual-violence-against-tamils-sri-lankan-security-forces.

ICRA Lanka. “2022 SL Budget Appropriation Bill: Initial Observations.” October 13, 2021. https://www.icralanka.com/research/2022-sl-budget-appropriation-bill-initial-observations/#:~:text=Covid%20Disease%20Control.-,Total%20expenditure%20allocation%20on%20education%20contracts%20by%20LKR%206%20Bn,by%20nearly%20LKR%203%20Bn.

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRBC). Sri Lanka: Treatment of Tamils in Society and by Authorities; the Eelam People’s Democratic Party (EPDP), including Relationship with the Tamil Population (2014-February 2017). Research Directorate, LKA105756.E. March 17, 2017. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1047356/download.

Index Mundi. “Sri Lanka – GINI Index (World Bank Estimate).” n.d. https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/sri-lanka/indicator/SI.POV.GINI.

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ). Attacks on Judiciary and Legal Profession Undermine the Rule of Law and Prevent Accountability Within Sri Lanka. n.d. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/LKA/INT_CCPR_CSS_LKA_18218_E.pdf.

———. “Sri Lanka: Appointment of New Chief Justice Undermines Rule of Law.” January 15, 2013. https://www.icj.org/sri-lanka-newly-appointed-chief-justices-long-record-of-blocking-justice/.

———. “Sri Lanka: ICJ and Judges Work to Counter Discrimination in Access to Justice.” March 15, 2021. https://www.icj.org/sri-lanka-icj-and-judges-work-to-counter-discrimination-in-access-to-justice/.

International Crisis Group. “Sri Lanka’s Conflict-Affected Women: Dealing With the Legacy of War.” Report No. 289. July 28, 2017. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/289-sri-lankas-conflict-affected-women-dealing-legacy-war.

———. “Sri Lanka’s Judiciary: Politicized Courts, Compromised Rights.” Asia Report No. 172. June 30, 2009. https://reliefweb.int/report/sri-lanka/sri-lankas-judiciary-politicised-courts-compromised-rights-icg-report.

———. “Sri Lanka’s North II: Rebuilding Under the Military.” Asia Report No. 220. March 16, 2012.

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/220-sri-lanka-s-north-ii-rebuilding-under-the-military.pdf.

International Finance Corporation (IFC). Realizing Sustainability Through Diversity: The Case for Gender Diversity Among Sri Lanka’s Business Leadership. Washington: IFC, 2019.  https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/c6cbb7b1-54e5-44f1-893f-6deae41440dd/The_Case_Gender_Diversity_Among_Sri_Lanka_Business_Leadership.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.

International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES). “Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.” n.d. https://www.electionguide.org/countries/id/201.

———. “Women’s Political Representation in Sri Lanka: Electoral System Analysis and Recommendations.” n.d. https://www.ifes.org/publications/womens-political-representation-sri-lanka-electoral-system-analysis-and-recommendations.

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). “Taking Stock of Global Democratic Trends Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Global State of Democracy in Focus, December 2020. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Taking_Stock_of_Global_Democratic_Trends/t7gZEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=the+global+state+of+democracy+in+focus&printsec=frontcover.

The Island Online. “GL Urges UNHRC to Heed Situation in SL.” June 14, 2022. https://island.lk/gl-urges-unhrc-to-heed-situation-in-sl/.

———. “Restoring Dignity of Legislature.” May 17, 2022. https://island.lk/restoring-dignity-of-legislature/.

Jayasekera, Sanjaya. “Sri Lankan Government Tables Sham Amendment to Draconian Anti-Terrorism Law.” World Socialist Web Site, March 8, 2022. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/03/09/slpt-m09.html.

Jayasinghe, Maneka. “Dynamic Trends in Household Poverty and Inequality in Sri Lanka: Do Gender and Ethnicity Matter?” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 24:2 (2019): 208–23.

Jayasuriya, Ranga. “Unapologetic Gnanasara Thero of Bodu Bala Sena Threatens to Lead Boycott of Muslim Businesses in Sri Lanka.” dbsjeyaraj.com, June 22, 2014 [blog]. https://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/30994.

Jayawickrama, Nihal. “Judicial Corruption.” Colombo Telegraph, February 28, 2021. https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/judicial-corruption/.

Kamran, Tahir. “Dynastic Politics in South Asia – I.” The News on Sunday, May 8, 2022. https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/955902-dynastic-politics-in-south-asia-i.

Keck, Madeleine. “Sri Lanka Faces Acute Food Shortages and Starvation Amid Economic Crisis.” Global Citizen, April 7, 2022. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/sri-lanka-economic-crisis-hunger/.

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Parameswaran, Sivaramakrishnan. “Pain of 1990 Muslim ‘massacre’ lingers in Sri Lanka.” BBC, August 12, 2010. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10950740

Peiris, Sulochana. An Introduction to Religious Pluralism in Sri Lanka. Bangkok: Internews, 2019. https://internews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SriLanka_Handbook_Religious_Freedom_English_2020.pdf.

Press Trust of India. “Gotabaya Rajapaksa Sworn in as Sri Lanka’s President at Buddhist Temple.” Business Standard, November 18, 2019. https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gotabaya-rajapaksa-sworn-in-as-sri-lanka-s-president-at-buddhist-temple-119111801205_1.html.

Ramakrishnan, T. “‘Tamil Areas in Sri Lanka Are in the Pockets of Poverty.’” The Hindu, February 20, 2016. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/tamil-areas-in-sri-lanka-are-the-pockets-of-poverty/article8258342.ece.

Ramasamy, Ramesh. “Governance and Administration in Sri Lanka: Trends, Tensions, and Prospects.” Public Administration and Policy 23:2 (2020): 187–98. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/PAP-03-2020-0020/full/pdf.

Ramesh, R. “How Equal Is Access to Public Services? The Impact of Sociodemographic Background on Public Service Delivery in Sri Lanka.” Journal of Developing Societies 37:1 (2020): 7–29.

Rannan-Eliya, Ravi P. “Increasing Numbers of Sri Lankans Want to Migrate, Especially Youth and Disenchanted Government Voters.” Sri Lanka Opinion Tracker Survey 2021-01, Institute for Health Policy. November 17, 2021. Accessed November 21, 2021. http://ihp.lk/publications/publication.html?id=956.

Ross, Russell R., and Andrea Matles Savada, eds. Sri Lanka: A Country Study. Washington, DC: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1988. http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/59.htm.

Saiya, Nilay. “Sri Lanka’s Proposed ‘Burqa Ban’ Would Backfire.” The Diplomat, March 25, 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/sri-lankas-proposed-burqa-ban-would-backfire.

Sakalasooriya, Nishan. “Regional Development Disparities in Sri Lanka.” Open Journal of Social Sciences 9:7 (2021): 62–91. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=110557.

Saroor, Shreen. “The Tragic Lives of Women Victims of the PTA.” Groundviews, February 9, 2022. https://groundviews.org/2022/02/09/the-tragic-lives-of-women-victims-of-the-pta/.

Satkunanathan, Ambika. “PTA++: Learning the Wrong International Lessons.” Groundviews, November 23, 2021. https://groundviews.org/2021/11/23/pta-learning-the-wrong-international-lessons/.

Schonthal, Benjamin. “Environments of Law: Islam, Buddhism, and the State in Contemporary Sri Lanka.” The Journal of Asian Studies 75:1 (2016): 137–56.

Senanayake, Harsha. “Religion, Religious Textbooks and Territorialisation of Sinhala Buddhist Ethno-nationalism in Sri Lanka.” Open Political Science 4:1 (2021): 300–5.

Silva, Kalinga Tudor. “Gossip, Rumor, and Propaganda in Anti-Muslim Campaigns of the Bodu Bala Sena.” In Buddhist Extremists and Muslim Minorities: Religious Conflict in Contemporary Sri Lanka, ed. by John Clifford, 119–39. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

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Slater, Joanna. “The Remote Sri Lankan Enclave That Produced the Mastermind of a Massacre.” Washington Post, April 26, 2019.    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/the-remote-sri-lankan-enclave-that-produced-the-mastermind-of-a-massacre/2019/04/26/9358f48c-6830-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html.

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———. “Pandemonium at Passport Office.” June 12, 2022. https://www.sundaytimes.lk/220612/news/pandemonium-at-passport-office-485742.html.

———. “35 Years On We Are Still Pleading for Tamil as an Official Language: Sumanthiran.” June 27, 2021. https://www.pressreader.com/sri-lanka/sunday-times-sri-lanka/20210627/281655373046289.

Tambiah, Stanley J. Buddhism Betrayed? Religion, Politics, and Violence in Sri Lanka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Tamil Guardian. “Sri Lanka Dismisses War Crimes Charges.” June 1, 2010. https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/sri-lanka-dismisses-war-crimes-charges.

———. “Eleven attacks on Batticaloa Hindu temples in three years – TNA MP.” September 25, 2018. https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/eleven-attacks-batticaloa-hindu-temples-three-years-tna-mp

Thanawala, Sarah. “An Epidemic of Land Grabs in Sri Lanka.” Global Human Rights Defence, February 15, 2022. https://ghrd.org/an-epidemic-of-land-grabs-in-sri-lanka/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=an-epidemic-of-land-grabs-in-sri-lanka.

Thiruvarangan, Mahendran. “Some Reflections on the Trade Union Action by the FUTA.” Groundviews, May 20, 2011. https://groundviews.org/2011/05/20/some-reflections-on-the-trade-union-action-by-the-futa/.

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