Skip to content

Mexico: References

To access more information that went behind the development of the Mexico Monitor report, you can access the references below.

Global Centre for Pluralism

Agren, David. “Mexico Protests Against Attacks on Women Turn Violent, as Tension With the President Escalates.” The Guardian, March 9, 2021. Accessed December 21, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/mar/09/mexico-protests-against-attacks-on-women-turn-violent-as-tension-with-president-escalates.

Aguilar Gil, Yásnaya Elena. “El nacionalismo y la diverisad lingüística” [Nationalism and linguistic diversity]. In Tema y Variaciones de la Literatura 47: 2. 2016.

Aguilar Rangel, Jazmin. “Infografía: Afrodescendientes en México” [Infographic: Afrodescendants in Mexico]. Wilson Center, Infographics of the Mexico Institute. July 25, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/infografia-afrodescendientes-en-mexico.

AJ+ Español. “Los mitos y polémicas de los libros de la SEP”. Youtube. February 21, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtpQBuu_L7I.

AlMomentoMX, “Aumentar traductores indígenas garantiza acceso a justicia de los pueblos, asegura Casimiro Méndez” [Increasing the number of indigenous translators guarantees indigenous peoples’ access to justice, says Casimiro Méndez]. November 7, 2018. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://almomento.mx/aumentar-traductores-indigenas-garantiza-acceso-a-justicia-de-los-pueblos-asegura-casimiro-mendez/

Alonso, Marcos Matías. “El PEF 2022 y los Pueblos Indígenas y Afromexicanos” [The Federal Expenditure Budget 2022 and Indigenous Peoples and Afromexican Peoples, 2022]. La Dekonstruccíon, September 15, 2021. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://ladekonstruccion.mx/2021/09/15/el-pef-2022-y-los-pueblos-indigenas-y-afromexicanos/

Amicus DH AC. Platform statistics from November 2018 to February 2023. N.d. Accessed March 20, 2023. https://visible.lgbt/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3er-informe-visible-2023.pdf

Animal Político. “Colectivos LGBTI denuncian registro de falsas candidatas trans para cumplir cuota de género en Tlaxcala” [“LGBTI Collectives denounce the registry of fake trans candidates to meet gender quotas in Tlaxcala”]. May 25, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/05/falsas-candidatas-trans-tlaxcala-paridad-genero-colectivos/.

Arcoíris Foundation. National Observatory of Hate Crimes against LGBT persons. 2021. Accessed November 1, 2021. http://www.fundacionarcoiris.org.mx/agresiones/panel

Carmen Alanis Figueroa, María del, and Marisol Vázquez Piñón. “La primera cuota indígena en México. Reflexiones para implementar acciones afirmativas” [“The first Indigenous quota in Mexico. Reflections for implementing affirmative action.”]. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurisdícas, Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judícial de la Federación. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma México, 2020. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/13/6230/21a.pdf

Center of Analysis and Research (FUNDAR). “La ausencia de estrategias efectivas para la población jornalera está cobrando vidas del sector más indefenso: la niñez” [“The lack of effective strategies for the day labourer population is causing loss of lives in the most vulnerable sector: childhood”]. March 28, 2023. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://fundar.org.mx/la-ausencia-de-estrategias-efectivas-para-la-poblacion-jornalera-esta-cobrando-vidas-del-sector-mas-indefenso-la-ninez/.

Central Electoral. “Establece INE acciones afirmativas para la participación de grupos vulnerables en elecciones 2021” [“INE establishes affirmative actions for the participation of vulnerable groups in the 2021 election”],]. January 15, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://centralelectoral.ine.mx/2021/01/15/establece-ine-acciones-afirmativas-para-la-participacion-de-grupos-vulnerables-en-elecciones-2021/.

Chen, Paloma. “#NoSoyUnVirus. El coronavirus que «justifica» la sinofobia” [“#IAmNotAVirus. The Coronavirus which ‘justifies’ Sinophobia”]. Nueva Sociedad, February 2020.. https://nuso.org/articulo/coronavirus-sinofobia-China-discriminacion

CONEVAL, Informe de la pobreza multidimensional en México, 2020. Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo. Mexico, 2020.

Commission for Refugee Assistance (COMAR) (@comar_sg). “Compartimos la estadística de las personas solicitantes de la condición de refugiada y refugiado en México” [“We are sharing the statistics of people soliciting refugee status in Mexico”]. X (formerly Twitter), January 3, 2023. https://twitter.com/comar_sg/status/1610301380215951366/photo/1.

Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights (CMDPDH). Bulletin: Situation of Forced Internal Displacement in Mexico. September 2021. https://cmdpdh.org/episodios-de-desplazamiento-interno-forzado-en-mexico-informe-2021/

Consejo General del Instituto Nacional Electoral. Acuerdo INE/CG508/2017-1, November 8, 2017. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://repositoriodocumental.ine.mx/xmlui/handle/123456789/94036.

———. Acuerdo INE/CG572/2020, November 18, 2020. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://repositoriodocumental.ine.mx/xmlui/handle/123456789/115204.

Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (CPEUM) [Political Constitution of the United Mexican States]. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/CPEUM.pdf.

Cruz Cruz, Emiliana. “Presentacion” [Presentation]. Escuchar las voces: la lucha por los derechos lingüísticos en tiempos globales Year 35, Num. 380. February 2024. Accessed 21 February 2024.

Debates Indígenas. Africanidades latinoamericanas y caribeñas: legados culturales y horizentes de derecho [Latin American and Caribbean Africanities: cultural legacies and legal horizons]. IWGIA. November 2023. Accessed March 2024.

Decision 2021. “Observadores denuncian simulación en candidaturas indígenas y migrantes” [“Observers denounce the simulation of Indigenous and migrant candidacies”].. June 16, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2021/06/16/observadores-denuncian-simulacion-en-candidaturas-indigenas-y-migrantes.

des Informémonos. “Ataques constantes a autoridades comunitarias en San Andrés Totoltepec atentan contra su autonomía” [Constant attacks to community authorities in San Andres Totoltepec threaten their autonomy]. April 19, 2023. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://desinformemonos.org/ataques-constantes-a-autoridades-comunitarias-en-san-andres-totoltepec-atentan-contra-su-autonomia/?fbclid=IwAR2ZH77GLAR-g_hb96nRDlmmqPlJ35yrNyxCpc0MBk5kWNWF4Bc5FWRctZ8.

Electoral and Citizen Participation Institute (IEPC). “Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana: del Estado de Guerrero” [“Electoral Institute and Civic participation: State of Guerrero”]. Mexico: IEPC Guerroro, n.d. Accessed December 22, 2023, https://iepcgro.mx/principal/sitio/instituto.

El Financiero. “Nueva tragedia migrante: Muere un haitiano en centro de detención en Chiapas” [New migrant tragedy: Haitian man dies in a detention centre in Chiapas]. January 29, 2024. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2024/01/29/nueva-tragedia-migrante-muere-un-haitiano-en-centro-de-detencion-en-chiapas/

———. “Se indaga a personal de migracion por camioneta hallada con 19 calcinados: Sanchez Cordero” [Migration Personnel Are Being Investigated for the Van Found With 19 Burnt Bodies: Sanchez Cordero]. February 2, 2021. https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/se-indaga-personal-de-migracion-por-camioneta-hallada-con-19-calcinados-sanchez-cordero/

El Pais. “La reforma del articulo 33: la tarea pendiente de Mexico con sus extranjeros” [The reform of article 33: the pending task of Mexico with its foreigners]. January 8, 2023. Accessed February 1, 2023. https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-01-08/la-reforma-del-articulo-33-la-tarea-pendiente-de-mexico-con-sus-extranjeros.html

El Universal. ‘No es un San Fernando’, dice Sanchez Cordero sobre los 19 cuerpos calcinados encontrados en Tamaulipas’” [This Is Not San Fernando,” says Sánchez Cordero Regarding the 19 Burnt Bodies Found in Tamaulipas]. January 27, 2021. https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/no-es-un-san-fernando-dice-sanchez-cordero-sobre-los-19-cuerpos-calcinados-encontrados-en/

Equis: Justicia para las Mujeres (EQUIS). Promotoras Mayas de Justicia: Resultados y Aprendizajes [Aprendizajes [Mayan Promoters of Justice: Results and Learnings]. Mexico: EQUIS, 2018. Accessed December 22, 2023. http://equis.org.mx/project/promotoras-mayas-de-justicia-resultados-y-aprendizajes/.

———. (In)justicia abierta: Ranking de opacidad judicial en México [“Open (in)justices: Ranking of judicial opacity in Mexico”]. Mexico: EQUIS, 2019. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://equis.org.mx/injusticia-abierta-ranking-de-la-opacidad-judicial-en-mexico/.

Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJEF). Cédula de notificación. Recurso de apelación y juicios para la protectión de derechos político electorales del ciudadano [“Notification card. Appeals and trials for the protection of political-electoral rights of the citizen”]. SUP-RAP-726/2017. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.te.gob.mx/EE/SUP/2017/RAP/726/SUP_2017_RAP_726-694733.pdf.

Frente a la Pobreza. “Mujeres excluidas del mercado laboral” [“Women excluded from labour market”]. n.d. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://frentealapobreza.mx/observatorio-de-trabajo-digno/perfil-indicador-mujeres.php.

Freyermuth Enciso, Graciela. En Salud y Mortalidad Materna en Mexico: Balances y perspectivas desde la Antropología y la Interdisciplinariedad [In Health and Maternal Mortality in Mexico: Balances and Perspectives from Anthropology and Interdisciplinary Studies]. Mexico: CIESAS, 2017.

Freyermuth Enciso, Graciela and M. Lunas Contreras. “Muerte materna y muertes evitables en exceso: Propuesta metodología para evaluar la política publica en salud” [Maternal mortality and preventable deaths in excess: methodological proposal to evaluate public policy on health]. Revista Internacional de Estadística y geografía 5:3 (Sept-Dec 2014). Accessed March 15, 2024. https://rde.inegi.org.mx/rde_13/doctos/rde_13_art4.pdf

Fundación para la Justicia y el Estado Democrático de Derecho (FJEDD). Bajo la bota: militarización de la Política migratoria en México [Underneath the boot: The Militarization of Migration Policy in Mexico]. May 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://bajolabota.com.mx/pdfs/informe-bajo-la-bota.pdf.

Global Centre for Pluralism. Pluralism Perceptions Survey – Mexico. Ottawa: Global Centre for Pluralism, 2022.

Gonzalez, Geo. “Six Transfemicides in 12 days in Mexico: A Trans Woman Murdered Every 48 Hours.” Agencia Presentes, July 13, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://agenciapresentes.org/2021/07/13/seis-transfemicidios-en-12-dias-en-mexico-una-trans-asesinada-cada-48-horas/.

———. “Marches in Mexico to Protest Transfemicides of Aline and Fabiola.” Agencia Presentes, July 26, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://agenciapresentes.org/2021/07/26/en-mexico-exigen-justicia-por-transfeminicidios-de-aline-y-fabiola/.

Gutierrez, Omar. En Tlahuac, celularse derriban barrera del idioma entre haitianos y mexicanos” [In Tlahuac, cellphones overcome communication barriers between haitians and mexicans]. November 15, 2023. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.nmas.com.mx/ciudad-de-mexico/migrantes-tlahuac-cdmx-haitianos-y-mexicanos-se-comunican-con-celulares/

Hernández Castillo, Aida. “Racialized Geographies and the ‘War on Drugs’: Gender Violence, Militarization, and Criminalization of Indigenous Peoples.” Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 24:3 (2019): 635–52. doi: 10.1111/jlca.12432

Hernández, Esquivel. Desigualdad Extrema en Mexico: Concentración del Poder Económico y Político [Extreme Inequality in Mexico: Concentration of Economic and Political Power]. Mexico: Oxfam, June 2015.

Hernández, Gerardo. “‘Nunca duraba un año en un trabajo,’ historias de inclusión laboral LGBT+” [“‘I never lasted a year at a job,’ stories of LGBT+ labour inclusión.”]. El Economista, June 25, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/capitalhumano/Nunca-duraba-un-ano-en-un-trabajo-historias-de-inclusion-laboral-LGBT-20210624-0113.html.

Hines, Ali. “Decade of degiance.” Global Witness. September 29, 2022 (Updated May 10, 2023). Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/decade-defiance/

Human Rights Watch (HRW). “‘Better to Make Yourself Invisible’: Family Violence Against People With Disabilities in Mexico.” June 4, 2020. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/06/04/better-make-yourself-invisible/family-violence-against-people-disabilities-mexico.

­———. “Mexico: Asylum Seekers Face Abuses at Southern Border.” June 6, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/06/mexico-asylum-seekers-face-abuses-southern-border

Institute for Women in Migration, A.C. (IMUMI). “Avances y retos en la implementación de las reformas a la Ley de Migración en materia de niñez y adolescencia migrante y de la Ruta de Protección Integral de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes en Situación de Migración en el sur de México” [“Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of reforms to the Migration Law regarding migrant children and adolescents, and the Comprehensive Protection Route for Girls, Boys and Adolescents in Migration processes in southern Mexico”]. June 2022. https://imumi.org/2023/Retos-para-la-proteccion-de-la-ninez-y-la-adolescencia-en-situacion-de-migracion-en-el-contexto-de-la-aplicacion-de-las-reformas-a-la-Ley-de-Migracion-2022.pdf; Please note that the IMUMI portal is currently under reconstruction during the time of publishing the report.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). Human Rights of Migrants and Other Persons in the Context of Human Mobility in Mexico, OEA/Ser.L/V/II., Doc. 48/13, December 30, 2013. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/migrants/docs/pdf/report-migrants-mexico-2013.pdf.

———. Inter-American Principles on the Human Rights of All Migrants, Refugees, Stateless Persons and Victims of Human Trafficking. Resolution 04/19 approved by the Commission on December 7, 2019. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/pdf/Resolution-4-19-en.pdf.

———. “Chapter V: Follow-Up of Recommendations Made by the IACHR in Its Country or Thematic Reports: Mexico.” Annual Report 2021. Washington, DC: Organization of American States, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/annual/2021/Chapters/IA2021cap5.MX-en.pdf.

———. “Chapter V: Follow-Up of Recommendations Made by the IACHR in Its Country or Thematic Reports: Mexico.” Annual Report 2022. Washington, DC: Organization of American States, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/ia.asp?Year=2022

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). “Displacement Data”. IDMC. N.d. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data/

International Labour Organization (ILO). Mujeres migrantes centroamericanas en México: Informalidad en la contratción y el empleo [Central American Migrant Women in Mexico: Informality in Hiring and Employment]. ILO Brief. January 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—migrant/documents/publication/wcms_768856.pdf.

Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas (INPI). Iniciative de Reforma Constitucional sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas y Afromexicanos [Constitutional Reform Initiative on the Rights of Indigenous Peopls and Afro-Mexicans). Accessed March 15, 2024. Mexico: July 27, 2021. https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/iniciativa-de-reforma-constitucional-sobre-derechos-de-los-pueblos-indigenas-y-afromexicano?idiom=es

———. National Institute’s Law. Accessed March 15, 2024. Mexico, December 4, 2018.

International Organization for Migration (IOM). “If Not for Pure Necessity”: Deaths and Disappearances on Migration Journeys in North and Central America. San José, CR: IOM Global Migration Data Analysis Centre and IOM, 2021. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://missingmigrants.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl601/files/publication/file/MMP%20LAC%20data%20briefing%20ES.pdf.

———. Recruitment Practices of Migrant Workers in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico 2021. San José, CR: IOM, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://kmhub.iom.int/index.php/en/virtual-library/recruitment-practices-migrant-workers-belize-el-salvador-guatemala-honduras-and.

———. Abridged Annual Regional Report for 2021. C/113/4/Rev.1, June 24, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://publications.iom.int/books/abridged-annual-report-2021.

———. Recent Migration Trends in The Americas: June 2022. San José, CR: IOM, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://rosanjose.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1446/files/documents/recent-migration-trends-in-the-americas_en.pdf.

Jaramillo-Molina, Máximo Ernesto. ¿Cómo se mide en México la desigualdad de riqueza? [“How do you measure inequality of richness in Mexico?]. Animal Político, May 28, 2020. https://animalpolitico.com/analisis/organizaciones/res-publica/como-se-mide-en-mexico-la-desigualdad-de-riqueza-2

Justicia para las Mujeres (EQUIS), Red Nacional de Abogadas Indígenas, Intersecta, Red Nacional de Refugios, and Centro Profesional Indígena de Asesoria, Defensa y Traducción. Access to Justice for Indigenous Women, Shadow Report for the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. August 2019. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://equis.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Shadow_Report_CERD_committe_extended.pdf.

Koop, Fermin. “More Than 1,700 Environmental Defenders Were Killed in the Last Decade.” Diálogo Chino, October 6, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://dialogochino.net/en/agriculture/58990-more-than-1700-environmental-defenders-killed-last-decade-global-witness/.

La Negrada. YouTube, August 10, 2018 [trailer, 1:59 mins]. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijrmdHp91ZE&t=14s.

Leite, Paula, Armando Correa Lazzarini, Julia Marcela Suárez, Luisa Paola Flores Rodríguez, Alma Ramíez Rojas, Vidal Emmanuel Méndez Cadena, and Mireya Del Pino Pachecho. Guía de Acción Pública. Comunicación sin xenofobia. Recomendaciones para medios y redes sociales [“Public Action Guide. Communication without xenophobia. Recommendations for social media and social networks”]  (Mexico: CONAPRED, 2022), accessed December 22, 2023, https://www.conapred.org.mx/index.php?contenido=documento&id=411&id_opcion=147.

Linares, Albinson. “Mexico Is the Most Dangerous Country for Environmentalists, a Report Finds. This Indigenous Community Has Lived It.” NBC News, September 29, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2023.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/mexico-dangerous-country-environmentalists-report-finds-indigenous-com-rcna49961.

Mercer (Latin America). When Women Thrive 2020: Let’s Get Real About Equality. 2020. https://www.mercer.com.au/content/dam/mercer/attachments/asia-pacific/australia/campaigns/2020/when-women-thrive-global-report-2020.pdf

Mexico City. Constitución Política de la Ciudad de México [Political Constitution of Mexico City]. Mexico City: CDMX, 2017. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.infocdmx.org.mx/documentospdf/constitucion_cdmx/Constitucion_%20Politica_CDMX.pdf.

Minority Rights Group International. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Mexico: Indigenous Peoples, 2008. 2008. Accessed November 21, 2022. https://www.refworld.org/docid/49749ce423.html.

MONCIPOL. Desde la mirada ciudadana: Informe del Monitor Civil de la Policía y de las Fuerzas de Seguridad en la Montaña de Guerrero [From the citizen perspective: Report from the Civil Monitor of the Police and Security Forces in Montaña de Guerrero]. Mexico, 2011. Accessed March 12, 2024.

Mora‐Salas, Minor, and Gustavo Adolfo Urbina Cortes. “Is There a New Youth Policy in Mexico?.” Journal of Applied Youth Studies 4 (2021): 261–76.

MORENA. “Aumentar traductores indígenas garantiza acceso a justicia de los pueblos, asegura Casimiro Méndez” [“Increasing the number of Indigenous translators guarantees access to justice for Indigenous peoples, ensures Casimiro Mendez”]. Press release. November 6, 2018. https://morena.senado.gob.mx/aumentar-traductores-indigenas-garantiza-acceso-a-justicia-de-los-pueblos-asegura-casimiro-mendez/

Moreno Figueroa, Monica. “Entre confusiones y distracciones: mestizaje y racismo anti-negro en México” [Between Confusions and Distractions: Miscegenation and Anti-Black Racism in Mexico]. Estudios Sociológicos del COLMEX 40 (2022): 31–60.

Morley, S. Priya, et al. “There Is a Target on Us”– The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on African Migrants at Mexico’s Southern Border. New York: Black Alliance Just Migration/IMUNI, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://imumi.org/attachments/2020/The-Impact-of-Anti-Black-Racism-on-African-Migrants-at-Mexico.pdf.

Morning Star. “200 activistas ambientales fueron asesinados en todo el mundo el año pasado” [“200 enivornmental activists were murdered across the world in the past year”]. People’s World, October 3, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/200-activistas-ambientales-fueron-asesinados-en-todo-el-mundo-el-ano-pasado/.

MXCity. “Romeritos, el platillo mexicano con el que apoyas al campo y alos migrantes haitianos,” [Romeritos, the mexican dish that’s supporting the countryside and haitian migrants]. December 2023. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://mxcity.mx/2023/12/romeritos-el-platillo-mexicano-con-el-que-apoyas-al-campo-y-a-los-migrantes-haitianos/

Nadege Dorzema vs. República Dominicana. Fondo, reparaciones y costas, sentencia de 24 de octubre de 2012.

National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policies (CONEVAL). Informe de la pobreza multidimensional en México, 2020. Metodología actualizada 2018-2020 [Report on Multidimensional Poverty in Mexico, 2020. Updated Methodology, 2018–2020]. Mexico City: CONEVAL, 2022.

———. “Medición de la Pobreza: Pobreza en México” [“Measuring Poverty: Poverty in Mexico”]. 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/PobrezaInicio.aspx.

National Council to Prevent Discrimination (CONAPRED). “Discriminación Afrodescendientes” [Discrimination Against Afro-descendants]. n.d. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.conapred.org.mx/index.php?contenido=pagina&id=99&id_opcion=40&op=40

———. Discriminación de los pueblos y comunidades afrodescendientes [Discrimination of Afrodescendent peoples and communities]. Mexico: CONAPRED, n.d. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.conapred.org.mx/userfiles/files/PueblosComunidadesAfrodescendientes%281%29.pdf.

———. Perfil sociodemográfico de la población afrodescendiente en México [“Discrimination of people and communities of afrodescendents”]. México: CONAPRED, INEGI and Comisión Mexicana de Derechos Humanos, 2015.

———. Encuesta Nacional sobre Discrimación (ENADIS) 2017: Resultados sobre personas indígenas y afrodescendientes [“ENADIS 2017: Results about Indigenous people and Afrodescendants”]. Mexico City: CONAPRED, 2021. https://sindis.conapred.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Enadis_Indigenas_Afros_WEB.Ax_.pdf

——–. Publicidad incluyente [Inclusive Publicity]. November 2019. Accessed December 22. 2023. https://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/Publicidad_incluyente.Ax.pdf.

National Electoral Institute (INE). “Distritación Electoral” [Electoral Districts] Mexico: INE, n.d. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.ine.mx/sobre-el-ine/distritacion-electoral-2021/.

National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). Recomendación 8VG/2017. October 18, 2017. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/doc/Recomendaciones/ViolacionesGraves/RecVG_008.pdf.

———. CNDH inicia investigación por el hallazgo de 19 cadáveres en el poblado de Santa Anita, municipio de Carmargo, Tamaulipas [National Commission on Human Rights starts investigation following the finding of 19 bodies in the township of Santa Anita, Carmargo Municipality, Tamulipas], Comunicado de prensa [press release] DGC/018/2021, January 24, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023, https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/documentos/2021-01/COM_2021_018.pdf.

———. CNDH emite medidas cautelares para proteger a la caravana migrante en su trayecto de Chiapas a la Ciudad de México [“CNDH issues precautionary measures to protect migrant caravans in their journey from Chiapas to Mexico City”]. Comunicado de Prensa [press release] DGDDH/271/2021, Dirección General de Difusión de los Derechos Humanos [Direction General for the Diffusion of Human Rights]. October 22, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/documentos/2021-10/COM_2021_271.pdf.

———. Los desafíos de la migración y los albergues como oasis: Encuesta nacional de personas migrantes en transito por Mexico, 2018 [Challenges of migration and hostels as an oasis: National survey of migrant persons in transit through Mexico, 2018]. Mexico, August 2018. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/doc/Informes/Especiales/Informe-Especial-Desafios-migracion.pdf

National Institute for Indigenous Peoples (INPI). Diagnóstico del “Programa para el Bienestar Integral de los Pueblos Indígenas” (PROBIPI) [Diagnostic of the “Integral Well Being Program for Indigenous Peoples”]. Coordinación General de Planeación, Investigación y Evaluación [General Coordinator for Planning, Investigation and Evaluation]. Mexico City, June 2021. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.inpi.gob.mx/coneval/2021/diagnostico-probipi-2021.pdf.

National Institute of Statistics and Geographical Information (INEGI). Encuesta Intercensal 2015: Principales resultados [Intercensus polls 2015: Main results]. Mexico: INEGI, 2015. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/intercensal/2015/doc/eic_2015_presentacion.pdf.

———. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 [Census of Population and Housing 2020]. Mexico: INEGI, 2020. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/doc/Censo2020_Principales_resultados_ejecutiva_EUM.pdf.

———. Encuesta Nacional sobre Discrimación (ENADIS) 2022: Resultados sobre personas indígenas y afrodescendientes [“ENADIS 2022: Results about Indigenous people and Afrodescendants”]. Mexico City: INEGI, May 2023 (Updated in November 2023). https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/enadis/2022/doc/enadis2022_resultados.pdf

National Women’s Institute (INMUJERES). Boletín, Year 4, no. 12. December 2018. http://cedoc.inmujeres.gob.mx/documentos_download/BoletinN12_2018.pdf.

———. “Norma Mexicana NMX R 025 SCFI 2015 en Igualdad Laboral y No discriminación,” [Mexican Norm NMX R 025 SCFI 2015 on Labour Equality and Non-discrimination]. Gobierno de Mexico. February 10, 2024. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.gob.mx/inmujeres/acciones-y-programas/norma-mexicana-nmx-r-025-scfi-2015-en-igualdad-laboral-y-no-discriminacion

ONU Mujeres. Violencia Feminicida en Mexico: Aproximaciones y Tendencias, Mexico, 2020 (Feminicide Violence in Mexico: Trends and Approximations) 2020.

Organization of American States (OAS). Documento adoptado por la Conferencia Regional de las Américas Document Adopted by Regional Conference of the Americas]. WCR/IC/2001/Misc.5. Second Summit of the Americas, Santiago de Chile, Chile, December 4–7, 2000. http://www.oas.org/dil/2000%20Declaration%20of%20the%20Conference%20of%20the%20Americas%20(Preparatory%20meeting%20for%20the%20Third%20World%20Conference%20against%20Racism,%20Racial%20Discrimination,%20Xenophobia%20and%20Related%20Intolerance).pdf

Pacheco, Edith, and Rosario Cárdenas. “El censo de 2020 en México. Una aproximación desde las entrañas del ejercicio censal. Entrevista a Enrique de Alba Guerra [“The 2020 Mexican Census. An approximation from the depths of the census exercise. Interview with Enrique de Alba Guerra.”].” Coyuntra Demografica no. 20. December 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. http://coyunturademografica.somede.org/el-censo-de-2020-en-mexico-una-aproximacion-desde-las-entranas-del-ejercicio-censal/.

Pan Yucatán. “Tenemos que ser empáticos con las comunidades indígenas para que el PAN sea el instrumento con el que puedan mejorar su condición de vida: Marko Cortés” [“We need to have more empathy with Indigenous communities so that PAN can be instrument through which they can improve their living conditions: Marko Cortes”]. June 30, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://panyucatan.org.mx/tenemos-que-ser-empaticos-con-las-comunidades-indigenas-para-que-el-pan-sea-el-instrumento-con-el-que-puedan-mejorar-su-condicion-de-vida-marko-cortes/.

Pie de Pagina. “¿El ocaso del controvertido artículo 33 en México?” [The decline of the controversial article 33 in Mexico?]. Pie de Pagina. December 26, 2022. Accessed on January 30, 2024. https://piedepagina.mx/el-ocaso-del-controvertido-articulo-33-en-mexico/

Presidencia de la República. Cuarto Informe de Gobierno [4th Government National Report, 2021–2022]. Mexico City: Government of Mexico, September 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://framework-gb.cdn.gob.mx/informe/5b8e7a983a893dfcbd02a8e444abfb45.pdf.

Rangel, Luz. “Elecciones 2024: ¿Cómo eligen los partidos a sus aspirantes para conformar el Senado de la Republica?” [2024 Elections: How do parties choose their aspiring [candidates] for the republic’s Senate?]. Animal Politico, November 25, 2023. https://animalpolitico.com/verificacion-de-hechos/te-explico/senado-mayoria-relativa-candidatos

Rosales, Martha. “Presentan denuncia penal contra regidora Catalina Bustillos por homofobia” [Criminal complaint against Councilor Catalina Bustillos for homophobia is presented]. Difusión Norte, May 27, 2020. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://difusionnorte.com/catalina-bustillos-homofobia/.

Salazar, Nicole, Noah Throop, Caroline Kim, Brent McDonald, and Simon Romero. “‘I Heard Them Screaming’: Witness Says Migrants Were Left to Die in Mexico Fire.” New York Times, March 31, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023.  https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/americas/100000008837794/i-heard-them-screaming-witness-says-migrants-were-left-to-die-in-mexico-fire.html.

Sánchez, Irene. “Hospitalization a bebé de jornaleros en Los Mochis; van 32” ” [“Day Labourer’s baby is hospitalized in Los Mochis; so far 32 (have been hospitalized)]. La Jornada, April 17, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.jornada.com.mx/2023/04/17/estados/025n2est?fbclid=IwAR0i6Q94voe5ea8-4keKMAipwAXJ5CMxtKYPsMCpTbULaR6OIkw5yQ1qnfU.

Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB). “Numeralia” [Numberology]. Mexico: Dirección General de Asuntos Religiosos, n.d. Accessed December 22, 2023. http://asociacionesreligiosas.segob.gob.mx/swb/AsuntosReligiosos/Numeralia.

———. “Se aprueba proyecto para iniciativa de reforma constitucional sobre derechos de pueblos indígenas y afromexicano” [English translation]. INPI, January 15, 2021 [blog]. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/se-aprueba-proyecto-para-iniciativa-de-reforma-constitucional-sobre-derechos-de-pueblos-indigenas-y-afromexicano-261406?idiom=es.

———. Anaurio de movilidad y migración internacional en las entidades federativas de México, 2021 [“International mobilization and migration yearbook for the federal entities in Mexico, 2021]. Mexico: SEGOB, 2022. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://portales.segob.gob.mx/work/models/PoliticaMigratoria/CEM/Estadistica/anuario/ANUARIO_2021.pdf.

———. Estadísticas Migratorias: Síntesis 2022 [Migration Statistics: 2022 Summary]. Mexico: SEGOB, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023. http://portales.segob.gob.mx/es/PoliticaMigratoria/Sintesis_Grafica/?Sintesis=2022.

———. Presupuesto Asignado 2014 a 2023 [Assigned Budget 2014 to 2023]. Mexico: SEGOB, 2023. Accessed March 15, 2024. http://comar.gob.mx/es/COMAR/Presupuesto_asignado_2014_a_2023.

Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB) and National Council to Prevent Discrimination (CONAPRED). Mitos y realidades sobre la Caravana migrante y las personas refugiadas [yths and realities about migrant caravans and refugees]. Mexico: SEGOB and CONAPRED, n.d. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.conapr.d.org.mx/userfiles/files/MR_Caravana_OK.pdf.

Seretariat of Foreign Relations (SRE). Dirección General de Asuntos Jurídicos: Carta de naturalizacíon por residencia [Direction General for Judiciary matters: Naturalization letter by residence]. n.d. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://sre.gob.mx/carta-de-naturalizacion-por-residencia.

Sierra Fajardo, Anaid. Ahora los jueces hablan bonito: Dimensión ritual y eficacia simbólica del proceso penal oral que involucre personas indígenas en conflicto con la ley federal en Oaxaca, México [Now the judges speak beautifully: Ritual dimension and symbolic efficacy of the oral criminal process involving indigenous people in conflict with federal law in Oaxaca, Mexico]. Doctoral Thesis. Mexico: CIESAS, 2023.

Solenzar, Jara, Dunia Eduvijes, and Jorge Morales Brito. “Política y discurso en el tratamiento al tema migratorio de la 4T” [“Politics and discourse related to migration issues of 4T”]. Revista IUS 15:47 (2021): 182–207. https://doi.org/10.35487/rius.v15i47.2021.763.

Solis, Ariadna. “¡Ojo!, que la vista engaña: Representaciones de la mujer indígena en México” [“Watch out! Because your eyes can trick you: Representation of Indigenous women in Mexico”]. In Pueblos indígenas frente al racismo mexicano [Indigenous Peoples and Mexican racism], ed. by Eugenia Iturriaga Acevedo and Jamie López Reyes, 27–35. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2020. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://surxe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/WEB_Caja-de-herramientas_Red-integra-2_Interiores-MEDIA-DOBLES.pdf.

Suárez, Ximena, Andrés Díaz, José Knippen, and Maureen Meyer. Access to Justice for Migrants in Mexico: A Right That Exists Only on the Books. Washington: Washington Office on Latin America, 2017. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Access-to-Justice-for-Migrants_July-2017.pdf.

Tlachinollan. “Las niñas de la Montaña mueren en los campos agrícolas” [“The girls of the Montaña [de Guerrero] die in the agricultural fields”] Tlachinollan, March 27, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.tlachinollan.org/las-ninas-de-la-montana-mueren-en-los-campos-agricolas/.

———. Tu nombre que nunca olvido: XXVII Informe de Actividades (Septiembre 2020 – Agosto 2021) [I will never forget your name: XXVII Report of Activities (September 2020 – August 2021)]. August 2021. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.tlachinollan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/XXVII-INFORME-TU-NOMBRE-QUE-NUNCA-OLVIDO.pdf

Torres, Franciso. “Insuficiente, presupuesto que recibió Pueblos Indígenas para 2022” [“Budget presented to Indigenous Peoples for 2022 is insufficient”]. El Sol de Morelia, January 7, 2022. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.elsoldemorelia.com.mx/local/insuficiente-presupuesto-que-recibio-pueblos-indigenas-para-2022-7698954.html.

United Nations (UN). Joint communiqué of the national human rights institutions of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico and the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights of Guatemala. https://oacnudh.hn/comunicado-de-prensa-conjunto-de-las-instituciones-nacionales-de-derechos-humanos-de-el-salvador-guatemala-honduras-y-mexico-y-las-oficinas-del-alto-comisionado-de-las-naciones-unidas-para-los-derec/

United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Global Refugee Forum 2019. December 16–18, 2019. Geneva, Switzerland. Accessed December 21, 2023, unhcr.org/programme-and-practical-information.html.

United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples on Her Visit to Mexico. A/HRC/39/17/Add.2. June 28, 2018. New York: United Nations, 2018. Accessed December 21, 2023, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/IPeoples/SR/A.HRC.39.17.pdf

United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (OHCHR). World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance: Declaration and Programme of Action. New York: OHCHR, 2002. Accessed December 21, 2023.  https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/Durban_text_en.pdf.

Vargas Olvera, Fernando, Fernanda Isabel Lara Manríquez, Martha Olivares Díaz, and Sofía Huerta Noguera. “Pérdida de autonomía y terrirorio en los pueblos originarios de la Ciudad de México. Sobre las condicionantes de sus participación en políticas públicas” [Loss of autonomy and terroritory for Indigenous groups of Mexico City]. des Informémonos, April 6, 2023. Accessed December 21, 2023.  https://desinformemonos.org/perdida-de-autonomia-y-territorio-en-los-pueblos-originarios-de-la-ciudad-de-mexico-sobre-las-condicionantes-de-sus-participacion-en-politicas-publicas/?fbclid=IwAR09DT3-AbMZlav41apNL-07zSlkJShvChn-Mp1N8inxyCqzkariLkvC6lg.

Velázquez, María Elisa, and Gariela Iturralde Nieto. Afrodescendientes en México: Una historia de silencio y discriminación [Afrodescendants in Mexico: A history of silence and discrimination]. Mexico: CONAPRED, 2012. Accessed December 21, 2023. http://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/Afrodescendientes_2daEdicioon_WEB.pdf.

Vézina, Catherine. Migración: México-Estados Unidos [Migration: Mexico-United States].  Mexico City: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, 2022. Accessed date, year. https://altexto.mx/migracion-mexico-estados-unidos-u0sui.html.

Vivanco, José Miguel. “Mexican Soldiers and Immigration Agents Violently Detain Asylum Seekers.” Human Rights Watch, September 8, 2021. Accessed December 22, 2023. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/08/mexican-soldiers-and-immigration-agents-violently-detain-asylum-seekers.

Wattenbarger, Madeleine. “Mexico Police Open Fire on Femicide Protest in Cancún.” The Guardian, November 10, 2020. Accessed December 21, 2023.  https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/nov/10/mexico-police-open-fire-femicide-protest-cancun.

World Inequality Database. “Inequality Transparency Index.” n.d. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://wid.world/transparency/.

Yanes, Pablo, Virginia Molina, and Óscar González. Urbi Indiano. La larga marcha a la ciudad diversa [Urbi Indiano: The Long March to the Diverse City]. Mexico: UACM, 2005.

Country
Mexico